Gross domestic expenditure on R&D in Egypt in 2018, by sector
In 2018, the total gross domestic spending on research and development (GERD) amounted to around 32.1 billion Egyptian pounds. Institutions of higher education spent the most on research and development (R&D), reaching roughly 21.9 billion Egyptian pounds (1.4 billion U.S. dollars), which was a share of over 68 percent. Moreover, the government followed with an expenditure of 9.01 billion Egyptian pounds (574.99 million U.S. dollars) on R&D.
